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Water Treatment Design

Water test interpretation and treatment design

Filtration, disinfection, dosing and membrane / RO design sized to your feed water and your target. Built for treatment and process engineers.

Water treatment software guides

Choose the water-treatment calculation you need

Start with water analysis and treatment selection, or open the guide for a specific process. Each guide explains the required inputs, shows a worked example and identifies checks needed before equipment selection.

Watch

Water treatment in Tenselo

A short introduction to what Tenselo covers in this category.

Video summary: Preliminary interpretation of laboratory results, treatment selection, softening, iron removal, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, dosing and disinfection.

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A worked example

DuPont FilmTec BW30-400

8″ spiral-wound brackish · Codeline 80S vessels

These figures come from the Tenselo engine. Every result Tenselo produces shows the inputs it used and the method behind it, so the work can be checked rather than taken on trust.

Inputs
Permeate flow 20.0 m³/h
Feed TDS 660 mg/L
Operating hours 20 h/d
Recovery 75 %
Results
30
Elements
5
Pressure vessels
99.5 %
Salt rejection
22 LMH
Design flux
20 m³/h
Permeate
6.6 m
Vessel length

Why it matters on the job

Membrane array done right

Element count, vessels and flux matched to the feed water and recovery — named to real product.

Quality checks before selection

Rejection, CT disinfection and LSI scaling all checked against the target.

Dosing that lands

Coagulant, antiscalant and disinfectant rates sized to flow and chemistry.

From laboratory results to a treatment assessment

Water test interpretation and treatment selection

Tenselo's water test interpretation software helps water professionals assess laboratory results and develop a preliminary treatment approach. WTR-022, Drinking Water Analysis, combines the entered results with the water source, flow and pressure, then links proposed treatment stages to detailed sizing calculators.

Read the full water-analysis interpretation guide and worked bore-water example.

Enter the laboratory values and their units

Enter each tested parameter from the laboratory report, including its unit and any less-than reporting limit. Mixed units can be entered per result. Leave untested parameters blank: a missing result is not a measured zero, and a non-detect does not prove a concentration is below a guideline when the reporting limit is too high.

Review the interpretation before choosing equipment

The assessment screens entered drinking-water results against guideline values and flags missing evidence, hardness inconsistencies and scaling concerns. Source conditions affect the assessment: bore water, rainwater, surface water, regulated mains and recycled water require different questions. Proposed process stages may include sediment filtration, iron removal, softening, membranes, carbon or disinfection, depending on the inputs.

Carry the assessment into treatment sizing

Use the linked calculators to investigate stage capacity, dosing and operating requirements. Check available pressure, variable water quality, backwash arrangements and supplier performance data before selecting equipment. The output is a design aid for specialist review; it is not drinking-water certification or a final equipment specification.

For crop and emitter considerations, use the irrigation water-quality tools, including sodium hazard, leaching requirement and emitter-clogging risk. For filter capacity and selection, explore filtration calculators. These checks answer different questions from a drinking-water assessment.

New accounts require approval. Public descriptions explain the workflow; running the calculators requires authorised application access.

Bore-water test interpretation: a worked software example

This hypothetical example was run in Tenselo's WTR-022 Drinking Water Analysis calculator on 15 September 2026. It shows how the software records mixed laboratory units and missing tests before a water professional reviews treatment options. It is a static demonstration, not a customer laboratory report or a drinking-water clearance.

Sample inputs and units

The example uses a bore-water supply with a design flow of 60 L/min (3.60 m³/h), 350 kPa available pressure and eight operating hours per day. Additional entered values are pH 7.2, TDS 450 mg/L, turbidity 1.2 NTU, temperature 18 °C and alkalinity 180 mg/L as CaCO3.

Selected entries and the corresponding WTR-022 result
ParameterEntered valueDisplayed result
Electrical conductivity0.75 mS/cm750 µS/cm; original units retained
Iron800 µg/L0.80 mg/L; flagged for further assessment
Arsenic reporting limit<2 µg/L<0.0020 mg/L; the less-than qualifier is retained
Total hardness250 mg/L as CaCO3Flagged for further assessment; the hardness basis is retained
ManganeseLeft blankNot tested; no zero concentration assumed
MicrobiologyE. coli and total coliforms not testedCannot confirm fitness for drinking; microbiological testing required

What the example establishes

The calculation preserves the difference between an entered concentration, a less-than reporting limit and an untested parameter. It identifies hardness and iron for further assessment and explicitly reports that drinking-water suitability cannot be confirmed from these inputs.

This is a focused summary of the input interpretation, not the complete treatment design. A proposed treatment process still needs review of the complete laboratory analysis, flow, available pressure, source variability and supplier performance data. Live calculations require authorised Tenselo application access.

Review the complete bore-water filtration and treatment pathway, then continue to water softener sizing, iron-removal assessment or domestic filtration to see the separate sizing questions. Check access and availability.

Water treatment system sizing: softeners, iron removal, RO and ultrafiltration

After interpreting a water test, choose a sizing tool for the treatment stage being assessed. Tenselo includes separate calculators for hardness removal, iron and manganese filtration, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. Each stage needs its own flow, water-quality and operating assumptions.

Water softener sizing calculator

WTR-018, Water Softener (Industrial), uses service flow, total hardness and daily water use to assess resin volume, vessel configuration, salt usage and regeneration frequency. Enter hardness with its stated basis, such as mg/L as CaCO3, and distinguish peak flow from average daily demand.

For a house or light-commercial supply, use DOM-004, Domestic Water Softeners. Check the required flow through the bed as well as the hardness load between regenerations. Iron in the water needs assessment before treating the softener as the complete solution.

Iron removal from bore water

WTR-015, Iron Removal Filter (DMI-65), assesses an iron-removal stage using flow and iron, manganese and hydrogen sulphide inputs. Its outputs cover chlorine dosing, filter vessels and backwash requirements. Confirm the water analysis, pressure and operating conditions before choosing a treatment arrangement.

A media name alone does not establish suitability. Review the DMI-65 technical data with the supplier, including oxidation and backwash requirements. If membrane treatment follows, assess compatibility between the upstream chemicals and the selected membrane.

Reverse osmosis calculator and preliminary design

The WTR-003 reverse osmosis calculator supports preliminary brackish-water RO sizing from the required product-water flow, operating hours, feed-water analysis and selected membrane and vessel. Review recovery, feed and concentrate flows, membrane arrangement, pump duty and the estimated permeate quality together.

Related tools cover RO permeate blending and RO performance and mass balance. A final design needs manufacturer performance checks, pretreatment review and a plan for concentrate disposal. DuPont's RO technology overview explains why salt rejection depends on the membrane, feed conditions and system design.

Ultrafiltration system sizing calculator

WTR-006, UF Design, supports ultrafiltration skid sizing from product flow, feed-water type, water-analysis inputs and the selected module. Assess module and rack requirements, flux, backwash, air scour, cleaning requirements and recovery. State whether the required flow is net product flow after cleaning and backwash allowances.

Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis answer different treatment questions. Do not select either process from its name alone: compare the feed-water analysis, required treated-water quality and manufacturer performance data. Treatment sizing is a design aid and does not certify drinking-water safety.

These are public descriptions of account-based calculators. New accounts require approval; see access and availability. Use the water-test interpretation workflow to identify missing information, then have the proposed treatment and equipment reviewed by a competent specialist.

What is in this category

23 Water Treatment calculators

Every calculator in this category, by its reference code. Running them requires an approved Tenselo account with access to the relevant calculators.

  • WTR-001 Calcite Contactor Sizing

    Re-mineralising/pH correction contactor: bed volume, calcite use and CO2 demand

  • WTR-002 Chloramine / Breakpoint Ratio

    Cl2:ammonia ratio, chlorination regime and dose for monochloramine or breakpoint

  • WTR-003 Reverse Osmosis Design

    Brackish RO skid - elements, vessels & length, array, skid size, HP pump, recovery, permeate TDS, scaling & energy

  • WTR-004 RO / Permeate Blending

    Bypass fraction to hit a target TDS or hardness

  • WTR-005 RO Performance & Mass Balance

    Recovery -> flows, reject TDS, salt passage, osmotic pressure

  • WTR-006 UF Design

    Ultrafiltration skid sizing - modules, flux, backwash, air scour, CEB chemicals, recovery & permeate quality

  • WTR-007 Chlorine Contact Tank Baffling (T10 / CT)

    Disinfection CT check from tank volume, flow & baffling (USEPA SWTR Giardia free chlorine)

  • WTR-008 Chlorine Residual Decay

    Free-chlorine residual after a contact/travel time (first-order decay) + re-dose

  • WTR-009 Ozone Water Treatment

    Ozone generator sizing & selection

  • WTR-010 UV Water Treatment

    UV disinfection reactor sizing & selection

  • WTR-011 Carbon Filter (Industrial GAC)

    Flow + duty -> EBCT, GAC vessel(s), carbon mass & backwash

  • WTR-012 Cartridge Filter Sizing

    Number of cartridges and housing size for a duty flow and micron rating

  • WTR-013 Coagulation / Flocculation

    Coagulant dose -> chemical feed (kg/day & solution L/day) + rapid-mix / floc G-value and G.t

  • WTR-014 Foam Fractionators

    Protein skimmer / foam fractionator sizing & selection

  • WTR-015 Iron Removal Filter (DMI-65)

    Fe/Mn/H2S + flow -> chlorine dose & pump, DMI-65 vessel(s), backwash

  • WTR-016 Degasser / Air Stripper (CO2 / H2S)

    Packed-tower air:water ratio, packing depth & diameter for stripping dissolved gas (screening / indicative)

  • WTR-017 Demineralisation / DI Sizing

    Two-bed cation+anion resin, regenerant & run length

  • WTR-018 Water Softener (Industrial)

    Hardness + flow -> resin, vessel(s), salt usage & regen frequency

  • WTR-019 Boiler Blowdown & Cycles

    Surface blowdown, make-up & heat loss from steam load + TDS

  • WTR-020 Cooling Tower Water Balance

    Evaporation, blowdown, make-up & cycles of concentration

  • WTR-021 Detention / Retention Time

    HRT, turnovers & disinfection contact time (T10, CT)

  • WTR-022 Drinking Water Analysis

    Source + water sample -> guideline screening and preliminary treatment stages

  • WTR-023 Heat Exchangers

    Heat duty + area sizing & selection (LMTD)

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